Definition
Thickened layers of skin on the plantar surfaces of the foot or inter-phalangeal joints caused by repeated pressure or friction.
Symptoms
The patient may feel pain, redness and swelling on the ball-of-the-foot, the heel, and/or the inside of the big toe. Pain occurs when applying direct pressure to the affected area. Certain corns may have become entwined with the nerves of the skin and develop a root called nucleation. These corns are particularly painful.
Biomechanical etiology
A corn is a small area of thickened skin that occurs on the top or side of a toe. It is usually the result of friction or pressure from tight shoes. A callus may develop on the palms of the hands or soles of the feet in areas where pressure or friction occur. This callus formation is the body’s defense mechanism to protect the foot against excessive pressure and friction. People with bunions get a callous over the bunion because that part of the toe has become prominent and often rubs against the shoe.
Treatment
To treat callus and corns, simple remove the cause of friction. Normally, the patient should avoid wearing tight shoes and hosiery. Use a Pumice Stone to reduce the thickness of the callus. Sometimes orthotics like the Metatarsal Gel Pad can be used to remove the friction and rubbing. People with diabetes need special foot care and should be regularly examine for these foot condition. Corn plasters should never be used by people with diabetes mellitus as it may lead to ulcers that is difficult to treat.
Additional Treatment
Apply skin moisturizer twice daily on the feet to prevent these problems. Application of pads and insoles to correct any abnormality of gait.
Anti-biotics may be need if infection or ulceration occurs in the surrounded callus or corn area.